We designed a below-the-knee prosthetic socket with integrated pressure sensors to address volume fluctuation challenges faced by transtibial amputees. Around 150,000 people undergo lower limb amputation annually in the United States, with below-the-knee amputations representing the majority. Diabetes, peripheral arterial diseases, and trauma are the main causes, with diabetes showing increasing prevalence among aging populations. Diabetic amputees often experience neuropathy, causing pain and sensory issues in the remaining limb.
Below-the-knee amputees experience residual limb volume fluctuations of around 5% throughout the day due to daily activity, significantly affecting prosthetic socket fit. Patients must recognize when socket fit changes, as ill-fitting sockets cause discomfort, pain, skin irritation, and tissue damage. However, neuropathy impairs patients’ ability to detect these fit changes.
We developed a portable prosthetic socket with real-time pressure monitoring to alert users when socket fit deteriorates. We implemented eight piezoresistive sensor arrays throughout the socket interior and utilized an Arduino to process all signals. The system related voltage changes caused by pressure variations to residual limb volume changes and socket fit quality.
Our device aids patients with residual limb volume management, limiting adverse effects of ill-fitting prosthetics while promoting patient autonomy and increasing overall quality of life. The system potentially reduces or eliminates the need for prosthetist visits for recurring fitting issues.